PREVALENCE AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS OF SUICIDAL IDEATION AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS IN KARACHI: THE IMPACT OF RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND SOCIAL SUPPORT

Abstract

Objectives: Suicidal ideation, a precursor to suicide attempts, poses a significant risk to individuals, particularly among medical students. Despite its importance, research on suicidal ideation among medical students in developing countries, including Pakistan, remains limited. The aim of study is to find prevalence and protective factors of suicidal ideation among medical students in Karachi.

Methods: Conducted between 2017 and 2018, this study surveyed undergraduate medical students from three institutions in Karachi, Pakistan. Data were collected through a questionnaire, and analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The study assessed the prevalence of suicidal ideation and identified associated factors such as academic pressure, relationship issues, social isolation, and financial difficulties. Additionally, the role of religion, family support, and friend networks in mitigating suicidal ideation was examined.

Results: Among 522 undergraduate medical students surveyed, 161 (31.0%) reported experiencing suicidal ideation. Factors contributing to suicidal ideation included academic burden, relationship issues, lack of social engagement, adjustment difficulties, and financial constraints. However, religiosity emerged as a protective factor, with religion serving as a significant deterrent against suicidal thoughts. Moreover, strong familial and social support networks played a crucial role in alleviating suicidal ideation among students.

Conclusion: This study identified study burden as a significant risk factor for suicidal ideation. Notably, emotional support from family members and friends was found to be a predominant protective factor, alleviating the suicidal thoughts. In contrast, religious beliefs did not exhibit a substantial impact on coping with suicidal ideation.